A pyrethroid insecticide; modulates Nav channels; slowly activates recombinant rat Nav1.8 expressed in Xenopus oocytes and delays inactivation; decreases the mean burst rate in rat primary neurons (IC50 = 0.99 μM, respectively); toxic to various insects, including A. melinus, G. ashmeadi, E. eremicus, and E. formosa (LC50s = 7, 67, 96, and 63 ng/ml, respectively) and the A. sinensis mosquito (LC50 = 0.446 ppm); toxic to A. mellifera honeybees (LD50 = 0.22 ppm), affecting locomotor activity and wing fanning behavior at 10 ng/bee