A peptide hormone; involved in regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism; produced in gut endocrine L-cells via post-translational processing of preproglucagon; a GLP-1R and GCGR agonist (IC50s = 4.3 and 355 nM for rat GCGR and GLP-1R, respectively); stimulates cAMP formation in CHO cells expressing murine GLP-1R and GCGR (EC50s = 2.5 and 6.2 nM, respectively); reduces refeeding in 24-hour fasted rats when injected intracerebroventricularly (3 nmol) or into the PVN (1 nmol); reduces cumulative daily food intake and rate of body weight gain in rats (50 nmol/kg)