Oxidative stress has been related to the etiopathogenesis of several chronic diseases and plays a paramount role in the aging process. Of the many biological targets of oxidative stress, lipids are the most involved class of biomolecules. Lipid oxidation gives rise to a number of secondary products. These products are mainly aldehydes, with the ability to exacerbate oxidative damage. Longevity and high reactivity allow these molecules to act inside and outside the cells, interacting with biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, often irreversibly damaging the delicate mechanisms involved in cell functionality.