Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), also known as NT-5, is a member of the NGF family of neuronal and epithelial growth factors. Neurotrophins have six conserved cysteine residues that are involved in the formation of three disulfide bonds. Human NT-4 shares 48 - 52% aa sequence identity with human beta-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. It shares 91% and 95% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat NT-4/5, respectively. The mature protein is secreted as a homodimer and can also form heterodimers with BDNF or NT-3. NT-4 binds and induces receptor dimerization and activation of TrkB. NT-4 promotes the development and survival of selected peripheral and CNS neurons. NT-4 induced TrkB signaling augments NMDA receptor activity and increases neuronal sensitivity to excitotoxic cell death. It also promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes and accelerates hair follicle regression during the follicular cycle. NT-4 is secreted by activated T cells and granulocytes at sites of inflammation where it contributes to tissue regeneration. Synonym: Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), Human. Formulation: Lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated solution in 20mM PB, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl.