Chloride is the anionic form of chlorine. It is the most common of the anions found in living organisms. Chloride ions play a variety of important physiological roles. Chloride channels are found in a variety of cells and are responsible for setting resting cell membrane potential and regulating cell volume. In the nervous system, the action of glycine and GABA are related to chloride levels in specific neurons. Chloride is also instrumental in maintaining the acid-base balance in blood. The kidneys are instrumental in closely regulating serum chloride levels. There are a number of pathologies associated with defective chloride transport; the most well-known being Cystic Fibrosis, caused by a mutation in CFTR a membrane chloride transporter