An iridoid glycoside with diverse biological activities; inhibits COX-2 (IC50 = 0.026 mg/ml); inhibits P-gp ATPase activity from 5-100 μM; induces proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells from 0.1-10 μM; reduces acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at 50 mg/kg; suppresses production of pro-inflammatory mediators and T cell mediated cytokines in splenocytes and arthritic paw tissue from arthritic adrenalectomized rats ,