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Description
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that regulates a wide variety of physiological processes involved in tissue differentiation and maintenance. MIC-1 is synthesized as a 62-kDa intracellular protein, which, after cleavage by a furin like protease, is secreted as a 25-kDa disulphide-linked dimeric protein. Expression of MIC-1 results in inhibition of macrophage activation, regulated by the p53 pathway, in response to pro-inflammatory monokines. MIC-1 is involved in tumour pathogenesis and its measurement can be used as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of a wide range of cancers. It could be a useful marker for aggressive prostate cancer while MIC-1 is upregulated in advanced and more aggressive prostatic tumours.