A polyunsaturated fatty acid; found in plant seed oils and in mixtures of conjugated linolenic acids synthesized by the alkaline isomerization of linolenic acid; reduces growth of Caco-2 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner; induces DNA fragmentation and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax mRNA in vitro; decreases Bcl-2 protein expression and induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells via production of ROS; inhibits bacterial fatty acid dioxygenase (Ki = 49 nM)