Protein carbonylation occurs when chronically elevated blood sugar levels create a microenvironment for sugars to covalently react with amino acids forming non-enzymatic adducts. Oxidative stress, the excessive production of ROS, can also give rise to the production of protein carbonyls. Over time, these two processess create Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) with proteins. The major functional outcome of protein-reactive AGEs is reduced enzymatic activity. Soluble AGEs can also bind and activate the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Receptor-dependent outcomes lead to tissue dysfunction, oxidative stress, and activation of monocytes, endothelial cells and mesangial cells. In Alzheimer's Disease (AD) protein carbonyls
Size
100 assays
Concentration
n/a
Applications
Quantification of carbonyl content as a putative biomarker for research in disease areas such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's diseas