An insecticidal and anthelmintic antibiotic; toxic to third instar gypsy moth larvae (LD50 = 0.119 μg/g); eradicates A. caninum and is effective against T. canis in dogs at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg; prevents D. immitis infection in dogs; activates glutamate- (EC50 = 89 nM) and GABA-gated chloride channels