An M2 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (Kis = 6.03 and 10 nM, respectively); selective for M2 and M4 over M1, M3, and M5 receptors (Kis = 30.9, 66.07, and 537.03 nM, respectively); increases acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and cortex of young and aged rats in vivo following local infusion at 1 μM and in the cortex at 5 mg/kg, i.p.; reverses deficits in novel object recognition and passive avoidance in aged rats, as well as scopolamine-induced deficits in young rats