Orally active immunomodulatory agent that primarily targets macrophages. Inhibits TNF-α secretion via interference of macrophage toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR 2/6 signaling pathway. Also reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ. Antidiabetogenic; prevents IL-β and IFN-γ-induced pancreatic islet cell death in vitro. Purity 99%. MW (observed): 205.21