A tetrasaccharide; increases the α-amylase synthesis rate in B. stearothermophilus three-fold greater than sucrose or glucose when used at at 0.1 mM; inhibits the growth of E. carotovora in a cylinder-agar plate assay at 750 μg/ml; inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 in MOVAS-1 mouse VSMCs