An immunomodulator; inhibits IL-10 secretion from and cell proliferation of IL-10-secreting human stomach adenocarcinoma and GBM cells at 0.5-2.5 μg/ml; sensitizes GBM cells to paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 5-FU in vitro; sensitizes GBM cells to paclitaxel in a GBM mouse xenograft model at 0.5 mg/kg per day; prevents infiltration of CD49d+ cells and decreases the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in the spinal cord in a mouse model of EAE; delays onset and slows the progression of symptoms in a mouse model of EAE