A nitrative guanine derivative formed by oxidative damage to the guanine base in DNA by RNS during inflammation or in vitro; mutagenic and induces G:C to T:A transversion in DNA; stalls human DNA polymerase β and induces a 2:1 preference dA insertion over dC when placed into a primer template as an 8-nitroG:anti-G base pair; levels are increased in the lung tissue of mice with mutant K-Ras(G12V) that developed lung adenocarcinoma and in the lung tissue and peripheral lymphocyte DNA of cigarette smoke-exposed rats; levels are increased in the lung tissue of influenza or Sendai virus-infected mice and in colon epithelial cells of an IBD mouse model