Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is a member of the VEGF family of growth factors that are important regulators of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-B is a disulfide-linked dimeric protein that exists as two isoforms, VEGF-B167 and VEGF-B186, by alternate splicing. VEGF-B167 binds strongly to heparan sulfate in the pericellular matrix due to highly basic cysteine-rich heparin binding carboxy terminus, whereas VEGF-B186 is a secreted soluble form. Both isoforms are expressed in most tissues concomitantly and bind to VEGF-R1 as well as to NRP-1, but they do not bind VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3. VEGF-B deficient mice are viable without any phenotype indicating that VEGF-B is redundant in angiogenesis in developing embryo and healthy adult. The ability of VEGF-B to induce angiogenesis in most tissues is weak and maybe restricted to the ischemic heart. VEGF-B has been detected in a wide range of tumours, but its’ role in tumour growth remains controversial. VEGF-B is also expressed in the central nervous system and may have a role in neuroprotection. VEGF-B deficient mice showed impaired recovery from cerebral ischemic injury and administration of VEGF-B stimulated neurogenesis in adult mice.