Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) was originally discovered as a serum protein with necrotizing effects on certain transplantable mouse tumors in vivo and cytotoxic effects against some transformed cells in vitro. The TNF family consists of two proteins designated TNF-alpha, also called cachectin, and TNF-beta, also called lymphotoxin. Soluble TNF-beta is a T-cell derived glycoprotein of 25 kD mainly produced by activated lymphocytes. TNF-beta is 28 % structurally homologous with the macrophage produced non-glycoprotein TNF-alpha. TNF-beta is induced in an antigen-specific MHC restricted fashion from class I and class II restricted T cells. Viral infection is also associated with TNF-beta production by lymphoid cells. TNF-beta has several effects on target cells including killing, growth stimulation, induction of adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression, and induction of differentiation. The mechanisms of TNF-beta effects involve receptor binding and internalization and several sequelae including changes in prostaglandins and chromosome integrity. TNF-beta participates in tumor immunity, and it has been reported to inhibit carcinogenesis as well as growth of some tumors in vivo. The assay detects recombinant, unglycosylated lymphotoxin with the same sensitivity as the natural, glycosylated protein, shows good correlation with the standard cytotoxicity bioassay, and is specific for biologically active TNF-beta without TNF-alpha cross reactivity. Sample Types: Human cell culture, plasma, serum. Sample Size: 100 μL. Range: 15.6 - 1,000 pg/mL. Sensitivity: 4.6 pg/mL. Time: 4hr 10min
Size
96 wells
Concentration
n/a
Applications
Immunoassays. Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.