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Description
Biotin anti-human EPO. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the most important hormone regulating erythropoiesis. It is a glycoprotein also known as hematopoietin. Human EPO is mainly produced in the kidney and liver in response to hypoxia to induce red blood cell synthesis. EPO is a secreted protein of 166 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 18 kD. However, it migrates on SDS-PAGE at about 35-55 kD due to heavy glycosylation. Human EPO is closely related to thrombopoietin (TPO), sharing 44% amino acid homology. EPO is highly conserved across species, with human EPO being 80% identical to mouse, and mouse EPO being 95% identical to rat.?EPO functions by binding to its receptor, EPO R, a homodimer, on erythoid precursors, and promotes their differentiation and maturation. As expected, serum levels of EPO are elevated in response to various conditions that result in tissue hypoxia (e.g. blood loss, exposure to high altitude, cardiac or pulmonary disease, and anemia). Increased EPO levels can also be due to increased production by cancer cells of the liver and kidney. Decreased levels of EPO are often seen with chronic renal failure and other chronic diseases or chemotherapy, which cause anemia. Human endogenous EPO and recombinant EPO share the same amino acid sequence, with differences in the glycosylation profiles.