LD78-beta/CCL3L1 is a proinflammatory chemokine and the isoform of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha). LD78-beta is secreted by most mature leukocytes, predominantly macrophages, and its major receptor is the G-protein coupled receptor CCR5, which is also the co-receptor used by the HIV-1 virus for cell entry. LD78-beta has superior antiviral activity and induces a variety of immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells and immature dendritic cells. LD78-beta attracts lymphocytes and macrophages to sites of inflammation and infection, and its functions are inhibited by Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-13. Importantly, the copy number variation of LD78-beta is associated with HIV susceptibility, indicating LD78-beta's critical role in the disease.Recombinant human LD78-beta/CCL3L1 (rhLD78-beta) produced in E.coli is a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 70 amino acids. A fully biologically active molecule, rhLD78-beta has a molecular mass of 7.8 kDa analyzed by reducing SDS-PAGE. Synonyms: SCYA3L1