An agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; induces spasms in isolated intestinal ileum, contraction of longitudinal uterine and bladder muscle strips, and slows the heart rate of isolated atria from various species; induces bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and rabbits as well as respiratory depression in rabbits and cats (MADs = 1-5 μg/kg); reduces blood pressure in cats, dogs, and rabbits and induces uterine, bladder, and intestinal contraction in cats and dogs; increases circling and pacing behaviors and induces fear aggression in cats (0.005-0.01 mg/kg); has antinociceptive activity in rats in hot plate and tail-flick tests