A cholinesterase inhibitor (IC50s = 0.35 and 1.0 μM for human AChE and BChE, respectively); protects bovine red blood cells from toxic and irreversible AChE inhibition by organophosphates; binds to AChE to prevent irreversible inhibition and reduce muscle depolarization induced by soman ex vivo in human diaphragm muscle fibers; prevents tachycardia, increases parasympathetic, and decreases sympathetic tone in mice following myocardial infarction (3 mg/kg per day for four weeks)