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Description
Function: Primordial germ cell (PGCs)-specific protein involved in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. In zygotes, DNA demethylation occurs selectively in the paternal pronucleus before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal pronucleus and certain paternally-imprinted loci are protected from this process. Participates in protection of DNA methylation in the maternal pronucleus by preventing conversion of 5mC to 5hmC: specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 dimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) on maternal genome, and protects maternal genome from TET3-mediated conversion to 5hmC and subsequent DNA demethylation. Does not bind paternal chromatin, which is mainly packed into protamine and does not contain much H3K9me2 mark. Also protects imprinted loci that are marked with H3K9me2 in mature sperm from DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis. May be important for the totipotent/pluripotent states continuing through preimplantation development. Also involved in chromatin condensation in oocytogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Mainly localizes in the female pronucleus, localization to the male pronucleus in much weaker. Tissue specificity: Low expression in testis, ovary and thymus. Expressed in embryonic stem and carcinoma cells. Highly expressed in testicular germ cell tumors. Expressed in fetal ovary.Synonyms: Developmental pluripotency-associated protein 3, Stella-related protein, DPPA3
Immunogen
A synthetic peptide from aa region 100-150 of human STELLAR conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein was used as the antigen.