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Description
Antigen distribution: Two forms of IL-1 have been isolated: Il-1α and IL-1β. They represent the products of two distinct genes and exert their effects by binding to two distinct IL-1 receptor types each with different binding affinities. The production of IL-1β is one of the most effective mediators of inflammatory reactions primarily produced by activated monocytes and macrophages. Cell wall fragments and toxins from gram-positive organisms can induce TNFa and IL-1β production. A large number of cell types, in addition to monocytes and macrophages, have been shown to produce IL-1, such as Langerhans cells, NK cells, B cell lines, endothelial cells and dendritic cells Anti-IL-1β is used to detect IL-1β in human leukocytes by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry on cytospots and tissue sections. Determining the cytokine profile of inflammatory cells and characterizing the responding cells is important in determining the immune status of various patient groups. It is also applicable in biological studies. Activities of IL-1 include T cell activation, IL-2 receptor induction, stimulation of pre-B cells and augmentation of IL-1 and IFN-induced activation of NK-mediated cytotoxicity IL-1 has also been shown to accelerate wound healing, possibly due to its ability to induce angiogenesis, and fibroblast activation. Since IL-1 is a primary inflammatory mediator, the use of IL-1 antagonists, such as IL-1ra or soluble IL-1 receptors is being investigated as a potential treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Cellular Expression: Monocytes, macrophages.