VISTA, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, suppresses T cell activation, was initially identified by affymetrix analysis of activated versus resting mouse CD25+ CD4+ natural Treg cells. Mouse Vista is a type I transmembrane protein with a single extracellular IgV domain, it is 309 amino acids (aa) long, contains a 32-aa signal peptide, an extracellular IgV domain, stalk region, 20-aa transmembrane domain, and 96-aa cytoplasmic tail. VISTA shares significant sequence homology with the B7 family ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. VISTA is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues, highly expressed in human placenta, which may be indicative of a functional role for VISTA in allofetal tolerance. Flow cytometry shows that human VISTA is expressed in subsets of CD11bhi blood monocytes, dendritic cells, about 20% of CD4 and CD8 T cells with low density, and CD66b+ neutrophils at an intermediate intensity. VISTA serves both as a ligand (for antigen presenting cells) and as a receptor (for T cells).? B7-H5 expressing on APCs or soluble B7-H5-Ig fusion proteins inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro; also, inhibits the expression of the T cell activation markers CD44 and CD69. In murine tumor models, anti-VISTA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) prime to an increased number and elevated function of intratumoral T cells and in that way boost antitumor immunity. VISTA is negative checkpoint regulator and a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Size
500 μg
Concentration
n/a
Applications
BA
Other Names
V-Set Immunoregulatory Receptor (VSIR), V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA), Stress-Induced Secreted Protein-1 (SISP1), PDCD1 Homolog, Platelet Receptor GI24 (GI24), Death Domain1alpha, DD1 alpha