A yellow pigment with diverse biological activities; inhibits NO production (IC50 = 6 μM) and reduces iNOS activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; inhibits release of histamine and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 from HMC-1 mast cells; decreases serum levels of histamine and TNF-α, inhibits histopathological changes of nasal mucosa, and decreases the number of sneezes and nasal rubbing in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced rhinitis; prevents ovalbumin-induced accumulation of 3-NT in mouse heart; reduces TPA-induced tumor formation in mouse skin (1-10 μmol); reduces the number of tongue neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions induced by 4-NQO in rats