The analytical determination of the protein albumin in urine is important because increased values indicate an increased risk of developing end-stage renal diseases and cardiovascular disease among people with diabetes. Also albumin in urine is a sensitive indicator of renal damage caused by exposure to nephrotoxic substances. The most significant and well-documented of these abnormalities is a subtle increase in the urinary albumin excretion rate, known as mico-albuminuria. Mico-albuminuria is not measurable by conventional techniques for detecting proteinuria. It is believed that mico-albuminuria represents a reversible stage of renal dysfunction, whereas overt proteinuria reflects irreversible disease. Proteinuria typically appears about twenty years after the onset of diabetes, whereas mico-albuminuria can be detected within the first ten years. Mico-albuminuria (30-150ug/min) has been established as a marker predictive of subsequent development of diabetic nephropathy. Periodic mo