Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which promote the differentiation of monocytes via the nuclear receptor PPARγ.{8499} One of these substances was recently isolated and purified from oxLDL, and identified as azelaoyl PAF.{8953} Azelaoyl PAF is a potent PPARγ agonist which competes for the thiazolidinedione binding site. Azelaoyl PAF is more potent than 15-deoxy-.DELTA.12,14-PGJ2, and equipotent with rosiglitazone as a ligand for this receptor.{8953}