CCL5 is a chemokine originally identified as a T-cell-specific gene. It directs the migration of leukocytes in immune and inflammatory responses. Increased CCL5 expression is associated with a wide range of inflammatory disorders and pathologies. This cytokine is linked as well with the induction or promotion of cancer (prostate and breast). In the latter situation, CCL5 can be angiogenic and also increase the metastatic potential of cancer cells by encouraging cellular migration to sites of its production. CCL5 also inhibits HIV-1 entry and infection by competing with the virus for CCR5 binding. Also, CCL5 participates in CNS homeostasis, brain inflammation, and ocular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated plasma CCL5 and CCL2 were observed in autism spectrum disorder. Also, CCL5 and its receptors CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5 have also been observed in different pain models. CCL5 is expressed during spinal glial cell activation in a neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury surgery.