An inhibitor of dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase I); inhibits human renal dipeptidase (Ki = 0.7 μM), porcine dipeptidase (IC50 = 0.11 μM), and bacterial metallo-β-lactamase CphA from A. hydrophila (IC50 = 178 μM); protects primary porcine renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis (200 μg/ml); protects mice from systemic infection by S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa when administered in combination with imipenem; inhibits renal metabolism of imipenem to prolong its half-life