A glycoside with diverse biological activities; scavenges DPPH and ABTS radicals and inhibits nitrite production in vitro from 0.1-3 mM; induces production of TNF-α, NO, and IL-12 in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages; reduces pulmonary lesion formation and bacterial load in mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv; restores activity of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV and reduces renal lipid peroxidation, IL-1β production, and shrinkage of glomeruli in a rat model of ethylene glycol-induced renal injury at 10 mg/kg; prevents arrhythmias induced by coronary artery ligation and reperfusion and BaCl2 in mice