Human recombinant protein expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. It is produced by transient expression in non-transgenic plants. This product contains no animal-derived components or impurities. Animal Free product. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, belonging to the TGF-beta family. Mature Activin B has two chains of 123 amino acids residues (betaB-betaB). Activin exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including mesoderm induction, neural cell differentiation, bone remodelling, haematopoiesis, and reproductive physiology. Activins plays a key role in the production and regulation of hormones such as FSH, LH, GnRH and ACTH. Inhibins/Activins are protein that are formed by the dimerization of two subunits, i. e. an alpha (alpha) with either beta A (betaA) - Inhibin A or beta B (betaB) - Inhibin B. The subunits betaA and betaB can also form homodimers or heterodimers called Activin: Activin A (betaA -betaA), Activin B (betaB -betaB) and Activin AB (betaA -betaB). The Activin gene family comprises the additional, but poorly characterized members Activin betaC (betaC), beta D (betaD) and beta E (betaE). As with other members of the super-family, Activins interact with two types of cell surface trans-membrane receptors (Types I and II) which have intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activities in their cytoplasmic domains, Activin type 1 receptors, ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and Activin type 2 receptors, ACVR2A, ACVR2B. Recombinant human Activin B is a betaB subunit single chain containing 123 amino residues and a molecular weight of 14 kDa. Purity >97% by SDS-PAGE gel
-Vale W., Hseuh A., Rivier C. and Yu J. (1990). The inhibin/Activin family of hormones and growth factors. In Peptide Growth Factors and their Receptors: Handbook of Experimental Physiology, 95: 211-248. Eds M Sporn & A Roberts. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. - Bamberger C., Scharer A., Antsiferova M., Tychsen B., Pankow S., Muller M., Rulicke T., Paus R. and Werner S. (2005). Activin controls skin morphogenesis and wound repair predominantly via stromal cells and in a concentration-dependent manner via keratinocytes. Am. J. Pathol., 167 (3): 733-47. -Chen Y. G., Wang Q., Lin S. L., Chang C. D., Chuang J., Chung J. and Ying S. Y. (2006). Activin signalling and its role in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 231 (5): 534-44. -Phillips D. J., Brauman J. N., Mason A. J., Kretser D.M and Hedger M. P.(1999). A sensitive and specific in vitro bioassay for activin using a mouse plasmacytoma cell line, MPC-11. J. of Endocrinology, 162: 111-116.