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Description
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1) is a 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the HER1 proto-oncogene. It belongs to the EGFR family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/c-neu (ErbB-2), Her3 (ErbB-3) and Her4 (ErbB-4). ErbB-1 is expressed on the cell surface and is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α (TGFα). Growth factor binding to the extracellular domain of ErbB-1 induces formation of homo- and heterodimers with another member of the ErbB receptor family. The EGFR signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways that regulate growth, survival, proliferation and differentiation in mammalian cells, while over-expression of ErbB-1 have been associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancer and glioblastoma.