Harmine is a β-carboline alkaloid that was first isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala (Syrian rue) and Banisteriopsis caapi. Recent work indicates that harmine is a unique regulator of PPARγ expression that acts by inhibiting the Wnt signalling pathway in a cell-specific manner.{14921} Administration of harmine (30 mg/kg) to obese db/db mice resulted in reduced blood glucose, free fatty acids, and triglyceride levels, delayed hyperglycemia, and improved insulin sensitivity. Harmine also attenuates inflammatory gene expression (TNFα, IL-1β, iNOS) and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue.{14921}