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Description
Integrin a4b7, also known as the lymphocyte Peyer's patch adhesion molecule (LPAM1) is a member of the integrin family of cell surface receptors. a4b7 is expressed primarily on mucosal lymphocytes, but is also present on NK cells and eosinophils. a4b7 mediates lymphocyte migration to the intestine through interaction with the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which is predominantly expressed on venules in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and intestinal lamina propria. HIV-1 gp120 was shown to bind to α4β7, in accordance with the HIV's selective tropism for the intestinal immune system. HIV-1 binding to α4β7 triggers cellular activation which may facilitate cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission. Integrin a4 is a 150 kD α chain that can pair with either integrin β1 (α4β1, VLA-4) or β7 (α4β7). a4 is expressed broadly on lymphocytes, monocytes, thymocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and some non-hematopoietic cells, but not on normal red blood cells, platelets or neutrophils. a4 participates in mononuclear cell trafficking to endothelial sites of inflammation and has roles in cell-cell interactions and cell adhesion to extracellular matrices. a4 is involved in lymphocyte migration, T cell activation, and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Integrin b7 is a 130 kD glycoprotein, member of the Ig superfamily, that can pair with a4 to form the integrin receptor α4β7, or with ITGAE (CD103) to form αEβ7. αE/β7 (CD103/β7,αIEL/β7) is expressed on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), dendritic epidermal T cells, T regulatory cells, a subset of CD8+ T cells in lymph nodes and lamina propria. CD103/β7 complex is thought to play a role in lymphocyte retention via interaction with its ligand E-Cadherin