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Description
CD40 (48 to 50 kDa) is a transmembrane glycoprotein mainly expressed on the surface of B cells and also expressed on monocytes, dendritic cells, and thymic epithelium. CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, which includes the low affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and CD95/Fas. CD40 is the receptor for CD40 ligand. CD40L (CD40L, CD154, gp39, and TRAM) belongs to the TNF gene family and is expressed more widely than CD40, predominantly on activated CD4+ T cells. Following interaction with CD40 ligand, CD40 mediates a number of major immunoregulatory functions, central to the control of thymus dependent humoral immunity and may be critical in the development of cell mediated immune responses. Other biological actions include B cell homotypic adhesion, proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switch, and secretion. Activation of CD40 has also been shown to inhibit the growth of certain B cell lymphomas and to induce the death of transformed cells of mesenchymal or epithelial origin. (Valle A. et al, 1989; Eur. J. Immunol., 19: 1463-1469; O' Sullivan B. et al, 2003; Crit. Rev. Immunol., 23: 83-107)