Apoptotic, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic agent, in vitro and in vivo; acts via an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism. Induces p53-induced apoptosis via two pathways: activation of p38 and NF-κB; and activation of JNK and AP-1 leading to Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Also upregulates death receptor 5 and binds to tubulin, inhibiting its assembly. Purity 99%. MW (observed): 302.41