The Eagle Biosciences MutaGEL? α1Antitrypsin S+Z allows the diagnosis of the S'' and ``Z'' mutations using two different PCR techniques unified in the kit MutaGEL?α1Antitrypsin S+Z: First, allel-specific primer pairs are used for identification of ``S''-mutation site second, an RFLP (restriction length polymorphism) PCR-method is used for identification of the ``Z'' mutation. Result-interpretation is done by subsequent detection of generated DNA products/ fragments by gel-electrophoresis. Sample Types: DNA. ? The antiproteinase α1antitrypsin protects in general own organs (as lung and liver) from self-digest`` by antagonistic regulation of protein-degrading enzymes from bacteria-defense and metabolism. Persons with hereditary decreased antitrypisin activity (this protein contains the highest antiproteinase concentration in the human organism) are often afflicted with in part heavy (liver) diseases. This deficiency (measurable in the human serum) is caused by several different base exchanges in the α1antitrypsin gene.Most iImportant is the homozygous constellation of ``Z''-mutation (amino-acid Glu to Lys in codon 342 of exon 5) and the more rare ``Zero-mutations'' which are dispersed over different regions in the gene leading to no enzyme activity.