An iridoid glycoside with diverse biological activities; dose-dependently inhibits the IgE-stimulated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50s = 0.19 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively); reduces UVB-induced expression of MMP-1 by 57% in HS68 cells at 0.01 μg/ml; dose-dependently reduces ROS and MDA levels in HS68 cells at 0.01-1 μg/ml; decreases the breathing frequency, increases lung dynamic compliance, alleviates parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis at 5 mg/kg; reduces blood glucose levels, lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys, the number of errors made in a Y-maze, and enhances neuronal survival in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes at 5 mg/kg