Allosteric AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator; allosterically stimulates active AMPK heterotrimers, increasing the activity of α1β1γ1 by 1.5-fold and α2β1γ1 by 1.7-fold (EC50 values are 0.42 and 0.95 μM, respectively). Inhibits dephosphorylation of AMPK Thr-172 by PP2Cα. Stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation without increasing the ADP/ATP ratio. Also decreases fatty acid synthesis and glucose output in primary hepatocytes. Improves glucose tolerance and decreases cholesterol content in db/db mice. Purity 99%. MW (observed): 361.69