A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent; inhibits the growth of S. typhimurium strains (MICs = 3.6-14.3 μM under aerobic conditions) and S. hyodysenteriae isolates from pigs (MIC90 = 0.006 μg/ml); inhibits the growth of C. hyointestinalis, C. mucosalis, and C. coli isolates from pigs (MIC90s = ≤0.125-1 μg/ml); inhibits the growth of spirochete bacterial isolates from dogs (MIC90s = S. hyodysenteriae infection in mice (ED50s = 7.7 and 5 mg/kg, respectively); induces DNA breaks and chromosomal damage to Vero cells at 10 μg/ml