A carbamate insecticide; inhibits AChE in insects and mammals (Kas = 9.4, 30, and 210 μM for M. domestica brain, A. mellifera brain, and bovine erythrocyte AChE, respectively); inhibits AChE from rat and human erythrocytes (IC50s = 40 and 25 nM, respectively); toxic to the housefly M. domestica (LD50 = 4.6 mg/kg) and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito C. pipiens (LC50 = 0.054 ppm); toxic to birds, rats (LD50 = 4-11 mg/kg), and other mammals including dogs, sheep, and cattle, and is considered an environmental toxin