A TRPV1 agonist; toxic to NHBE, BEAS-2B, and TRPV1-OE cells (LC50s = 160, 115, and 1 μM, respectively); increases calcium flux in TRPV1-OE cells (EC50 = 1.4 μM); increases GADD153 mRNA expression by 7- and 6-fold at 2 and 20 μM, respectively; increases the release of dopamine and serotonin from SH-SY5Y cells in a calcium-dependent and TRPV1-independent manner at 1 μM; reduces respiration and is toxic to mice (LD50s = 200 and 413 mg/kg for oral and inhaled administration, respectively)