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Description
FoxP3 (Forkhead box protein 3), a highly conserved forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by governing the development and function of regulatory T cells. It is constitutively expressed at high level in CD25+ CD4+ Treg cells and at low level in a CD25- CD4+ Treg cell subset. Defects in gene encoding FoxP3 protein cause the scurfy phenotype in mice, and in human the IPEX syndrome (immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome), also known as X-linked autoimmunity-allergic dysregulation (XLAAD) syndrome.