IL-4 mediates its function by binding to receptors expressed on target cells. The IL-4 receptors exhibit an affinity of approximately 10-10 M. Receptors exist on freshly prepared B and T lymphocytes and macrophages, as well as on various cell lines including lymphoid cells, mast cell lines, a variety of other hematopoietic cell lines, fibroblasts and stromal cell lines. On T and B cells, receptors are present in low numbers (appr. 400), which are reported to be upregulated by IL-2 and IL-4. IL-4 is produced by a particular subset of T helper cells, the TH2 cells. These cells tend to make a specific set of lymphokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and GM-CSF and fail to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). Apart from T cells, it has been shown that mast cells can produce IL-4. IL-4 exerts numerous effects on various hematopoietic cell types. On B cells, IL-4 promotes immunological class switching to IgE and IgG1 isotypes and upregulates MHC class II and CD23 expression. It can promote survival, growth, and differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes, mast cells, and endothelial cells. In addition, IL-4 can inhibit the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 by macrophages. Sample Types: cell culture, serum. Sample Size: 50 μL. Range: 3.9 - 250 pg/mL. Sensitivity: 2.0 pg/mL. Time: 3hr 10min
Size
96 wells
Concentration
n/a
Applications
Immunoassays. Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.