An herbicide; decreases total respiration in roots of wheat by 50% and ground respiration by 100% at 25 nM/ml; increases the incidence of urinary bladder urothelial carcinomas in male and female mice by 73 and 27%, respectively at 2,500 pm in the diet; increases ROS in MCF-7 and BeWo cells at 200 μM; reduces viability of BeWo cells at 50 and 200 μM