A mycotoxin from A. brassicae; a common contaminant in cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and sorghum; cytotoxic to bacterial (MIC = 500 μg/disc for B. mycoides) and mammalian cells (IC50 = 120 μM in HCT116 cells); inhibits human topoisomerase II and bacterial gyrase at initial inhibitory concentrations of 25 and 10 μM, respectively; selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MOA-A; Ki = 0.34 μM); provokes DNA damage that induces mitochondrial permeability transition pore-mediated activation of apoptosis,