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Description
The Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) is a family of germline-encoded proteins, composed of C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRR), and an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) domain (1). In humans, 10 TLRs, sharing high sequence homology, have been identified. TLRs are critical for the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by the innate immune system. LRR recognize PAMPs, and signal transduction events, initiated by the TIR domain, lead to activation of the transcription factors such as AP-1, IRFs and NFkB, and therefore expression of proinflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules.. TLR9 mRNA is detected in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and PBLs (6, 7).Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the TLR family. Genomic studies indicate that TLR10 is in a locus that also contains TLR1 and TLR6, two receptors known to function as coreceptors for TLR2. (Akira, S et al, Nat Rev Immunol ,2004 4:499-511 ; Flacher V et al, J.Immunol, 2006,177, 959-67 ; Hasan U et al, J.Immunol, 2005, 174, 2942-50)