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Description
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. There are two isoforms of GAD, GAD65 (GAD2) and GAD67 (GAD1) (65 and 67 kDa, respectively) encoded by two different genes. The two isoforms have distinct intraneuronal distribution in the brain. There is 64% amino acid identity between the two isoforms. The highest degree of diversity appears to be located at the N-terminus, which in GAD65 is required for targeting the enzyme to GABA-containing secretory vesicles. GAD65 is primarily found in nerve terminals. GAD67 has been thought to be primarily located in the nerve cell body and has been identified as a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes.
Immunogen
KLH-coupled synthetic peptide within residues 550-600 of human GAD65 and GAD67.