Purity >95% by SDS-PAGE, MW: 24.8 kDa. Growth and Differentiation Factor-15 comes as a dimer having a 113/226 amino acid chain. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of early heart disease, such that increased levels of circulating GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure. This product is produced with no animal or human origin raw products. All processing and handling employs animal free equipment and animal free protocols.