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Description
CD4 (Cluster of Differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 (after the OKT4 monoclonal antibody that reacted with it) before being named CD4 in 1984. In humans, the CD4 protein is encoded by the CD4 gene. CD4 plays a role in the recognition of foreign antigens presented to T cells by MHC class II molecules. Furthermore, this antigen acts as a receptor for HIV-1 by binding the viral protein gp120. The CD4 antigen is present on most thymocytes and a subpopulation of peripheral blood T cells, called T helper cells (Th). In addition, CD4 is expressed on monocytes and weak on macrophages.